糖心原创

Bachelor of Professional Arts, Governance, Law and Management Major - Research tools


  • Christopher Leo is a faculty member within the Department of Politics at the University of Winnipeg.

  • Mark Crawford is an Assistant Professor within the Political Science program at 糖心原创


  • “The Alberta Community Crime Prevention Association (ACCPA) represents individuals and organizations interested in preventing and reducing crime in Alberta communities.”
    (About ACCPA, n.d., para. 1)

  • The Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) “principal purpose is to provide informed debate in Canada on security and intelligence issues.”
    (Homepage, n.d., para. 1)

  • “The Canadian Criminal Justice Association is an independent national voluntary organization working for an improved criminal justice system in Canada.”
    (Why Join the CCJA, n.d., para. 1)

  • “The CISS provides the forum for, and is the vehicle to stimulate the research, study, analysis and discussion of the strategic implications of major national and international security issues, events and trends as they affect Canada.”
    (Homepage, n.d., para. 1)

  • “The Canadian Police College is a centre for professional education for members of the Canadian and international policing community.”
    (CPC Home, 2006, para. 1)

  • “The CPRC serves as a single, national focal point for technology research and development efforts in support of Canada's law enforcement community.”
    (About CPRC, n.d., para. 2)

  • A document published in 2001 by the Privy Council Office, Government of Canada.

  • “The Association, based upon cooperation, shares information about the latest innovations, issues, problems and solutions confronting criminal justice today. IALEP serves as a forum to exchange ideas, programs, techniques, and policies.”
    (Introduction: History and Organization of the International Association of Law Enforcement Planners, 2006, para. 2)

  • This organization “is committed to: professional development, training, recognition, mentoring, networking, peer support.”
    (About: Mission and Purpose, 2006, para. 2)

  • “The association promotes global and cultural friendship among peace officers.”
    (About the International Police Association, n.d., para. 1)

  • “The IPA strives to enhance the image of the police in its member countries, and to facilitate international cooperation through friendly contacts between police officers of all continents.”
    (Welcome to IPA Canada, 2006, para. 1)

  • The IUPA “works to improve legislation that protects and affect public safety officers.”
    (About IUPA: Our Mission, 2006, para. 1)

  • “The purpose of the...Centre...is to foster research, teaching and public discussion of historical and contemporary military and strategic issues.”
    (About Us, 2006, para. 1)

  • “Formed in 1969, the Security Industry Association (SIA) provides its members with a full-service, international trade association promoting growth, expansion, and professionalism within the security industry by providing education, research, technical standards, representation, and defense of our member's interests.”
    (About SIA, 2006, para. 1)

  • This association “is a non-profit organization striving for the establishment of minimum standards for Police K-9 dogs through proper methods of training.”
    (Welcome to the USPCA, 2006, para. 4)

  • “WIIS is a non-profit, non-partisan membership organization dedicated to increasing the influence of women in foreign and defense affairs by raising their numbers and visibility, while enhancing dialogue on international security issues.”
    (About WIIS, n.d., para. 1)


  • “The objectives and goals of the AAPP are to provide and maintain an organization for Paralegals; to promote professional unity and mutual assistance amongst Paralegals; and to promote ongoing educational opportunities.”
    (About: Mission, 2005, para. 1)

  • This association “provides information on upcoming events related to the profession and the job bank provides information on employment opportunities.”
    (Home, 2005, para. 1)

  • This association “promotes the development, the visibility and the continuing education of paralegals in the field of law.”
    (Welcome to the Canadian Association of Paralegals, 2005-2007, para. 1)

  • “CSAE promotes the value of not-for-profit organizations to Canadian society by reinforcing and advancing the excellence and professionalism of its members through relevant education, advocacy, information and research.”
    (About CSAE: Mission and Vision, 2006, para. 2)

  • This organization's mandate is “to provide and promote general and legal education to its members for the purpose of increasing their knowledge, efficiency and professional ability.”
    (About Us, n.d., para. 3)

  • TLOMA supports its members “through education, networking, and development.”
    (Home, 2006, para. 1)


  • The Alberta Government's PIPA website including legislation and further resources.

  • “This section [of the website] deals with domestic and international law, policy and education related to privacy matters and access to information.”
    (Section Home, 2006, para. 1)

  • This site seeks to help Canadian organizations develop and implement privacy policies by providing information about the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act.

  • This agency oversees "the application of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA ) and the Privacy Act and within that context to protect and promote privacy.”
    (About Us: Our Mandate, 2006, para. 1)

  • This is a link to The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants website that offers information on how to implement privacy compliance policies and procedures.


  • APPAM “is dedicated to improving public policy and management by fostering excellence in research, analysis, and education.”
    (Homepage, n.d., para. 3)

  • “The Canada School of Public Service is the common learning service provider for the Public Service of Canada. It brings a more unified approach to serving the common learning and development needs of public servants and helps ensure that all Public Service employees across Canada have the knowledge and skills they need to deliver results for Canadians.”
    (About Us, 2006, para. 1)

  • “CAPPA is an association of schools, programs, and departments across Canada engaged in teaching and research in public administration and its mission is to improve the quality of teaching and research in public administration.”
    (About CAPPA, n.d.,para. 1)

  • Founded in 1978, the Canadian Study of Parliament Group (CSPG) is a non-profit, non-partisan organization that brings together parliamentary experts, academics, and public servants with an interest in the role, function and reform of parliamentary institutions.
    (About, CSPG, n.d., para. 1)

  • “European Group of Public Administration is a Regional Group of IIAS whose purpose is to strengthen contacts and exchanges among European specialists in Public Administration, both scholars and practitioners.”
    (About European Group of Public Administration: Welcome, n.d., para 1)

  • EIPA “is an independent institute carrying out training and research on public administration and European policies, providing a variety of services to the administrations of the Member States and the candidate countries as well as to the EU institutions in support of their tasks and responsibilities related to European integration.”
    (Welcome to EIPA, 2006, para. 1)

  • “GovLeaders.org is a free on-line resource designed to help government managers cultivate a more effective and motivated public sector workforce.”
    (Home, n.d., para. 1)

  • The “Hong Kong Public Administration Association is committed to the promotion of excellence in the study and practice of public administration.”
    (Mission and Vision: Message from the President, n.d., para. 10)

  • The Institute of Public Administration Australia (Institute of Public Administration Australia) is a voluntary, non-profit organisation enabling people with a common interest in public administration and public sector reform to exchange ideas on trends, practices and innovations in public administration.
    (About, 2006, para. 1)

  • “The Institute of Public Administration is the Irish national centre for development of best practice in public administration and public management.”
    (Welcome to the Institute of Public Administration, n.d., para. 1)

  • IPANZ is “committed to promoting the highest professional standards in and the fullest understanding of policy development and public sector management.”
    (About IPANZ, 2002-2005, para. 1)

  • “IASIA aims to promote and support co-operation among participating organisations and individuals to enhance their capacity to strengthen the administrative and management capabilities of governments, organisations, agencies and enterprises they serve.”
    (What is IASIA: What does IASIA do?, n.d., para. 1)

  • “The IIAS exists to advance the study and practice of public administration and public management.”
    (What is the IIAS?, n.d., para. 1)

  • The IPAI's mission is “to provide human resource leadership and advocacy, professional development, information and services to enhance organizational and individual performance in the public sector.”
    (About IPAI-HR: Mission Statement, 2005, para. 1)

  • The institute provides support to the government and oversees “the efforts to reform and develop the public administration system.”
    (Administrative Reform Studies, 2002-2006, para. 1)

  • “The Swedish Agency for Public Management provides support to the Government and Government Offices. [Their] task is to conduct studies and evaluations at the request of the government.”
    (About Us, 2006, para. 1)

  • “The mission of UNPAN - United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance - is to promote the sharing of knowledge, experiences and best practices throughout the world in sound public policies, effective public administration and efficient civil services, through capacity-building and cooperation among the United Nations Member States, with emphasis on south-south cooperation and UNPAN's commitment to integrity and excellence.”
    (Discover UNPAN and Partners, 2000, para. 1)


  • “ARNOVA is an international membership organization dedicated to fostering through research an understanding of the nonprofit sector, philanthropy and volunteerism.”
    (Home, 2004, para. 1)

  • “The Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) represents 26,000 members in 172 chapters throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and China working to advance philanthropy through advocacy, research, education, and certification programs.”
    (About AFP: What is AFP?, 2001, para. 2)

  • “Australia and New Zealand Third Sector Research (ANZTSR) is a network of people interested in pursuing or encouraging research into the Third Sector in Australia and New Zealand, the hundreds and thousands of private not-for-profit, community or voluntary organisations and the activities of volunteering and philanthropy.”
    (Home, n.d., para. 1)

  • The Centre for Civil Society's mission “is to [strengthen] the non-profit and voluntary sector by disseminating information to the sector itself, and by building networks and encouraging collaboration both within the sector and between it and researchers and teachers in Higher Education institutions around the country.”
    (About CSS: The Basics, n.d., para. 2)

  • “A leading online source of information, news, jobs, services and resources for the Canadian nonprofit community.”
    (About Charity Village, n.d., para. 1)

  • “CIVICUS has a vision of a global community of active, engaged citizens committed to the creation of a more just and equitable world.”
    (This is CIVICUS: About CIVICUS, n.d., para. 1)

  • “The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project is a systematic effort to analyze the scope, structure, financing, and role of the private nonprofit sector in a cross-section of countries around the world in order to improve our knowledge and enrich our theoretical understanding of this sector, and to provide a sounder basis for both public and private action towards it.”
    (CNP Home, 2005, para. 1)

  • The “Center pursues disinterested research and education, promoting critical thinking about the importance, roles and performance of civic organizations.”
    (Home, n.d., para. 1)

  • “Imagine Canada builds on the proud history of two leading voices of Canada's charitable and nonprofit sector: the Canadian Centre for Philanthropy (CCP) and the Coalition of National Voluntary Organizations (NVO).”
    (About Imagine Canada, n.d., para. 5)

  • “Independent Sector is the leadership forum for charities, foundations, and corporate giving programs committed to advancing the common good in America and around the world.”
    (About Us, 2006, para. 1)

  • “The Institute for Volunteering Research aims to develop knowledge and understanding of volunteering in a way that is relevant to practitioners and policy makers. This site provides an overview of the work of the Institute as well as detailed summaries of research that it has undertaken.”
    (Home, 2006, para. 1)

  • “The International Society for Third-Sector Research (ISTR) is a major international association promoting research and education in the fields of civil society, philanthropy, and the nonprofit sector.”
    (Home: Welcome, 2005, para. 1)

  • “ ICTR has been established ...to conduct and promote academic research and study on Civil Society, the Third Sector, and related fields in Israel.”
    (Homepage, n.d., para. 2)

  • “Philanthropy Australia promotes giving and represents those that give to the community. [They] Facilitate, Advocate, Educate, Communicate, and Promote giving...”
    (Home: Welcome to Philanthropy Australia, 2006, para. 10)

  • “The Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations is the national body representing the voluntary sector. [They] work to the following mission: SCVO seeks to advance the values and shared interests of the voluntary sector by fostering co-operation, promoting best practice and delivering sustainable services.”
    (Homepage, n.d., para. 1)

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